# Hokkaido Ken breed report 2026

Population-genetics report for Hokkaido Ken, 2026: 775 dogs on file, 127 born in the last 8 years.

## Summary
- **Dogs on file:** 775
- **Born in the last 8 years:** 127
- **Reference sample:** 127 dogs (seed 2026, 10 generations)
- **Computed:** 2026-09-04

## Inbreeding over time
Mean cached COI per birth-year cohort — population means, not individual COIs. Every figure is a floor: COI is capped at a fixed generation depth, so the true mean may be higher.

1986 — ≥ 6.25% (Moderate) · 0.7% complete · 3 dogs
1995 — ≥ 12.5% (Elevated) · 0.6% complete · 3 dogs
1997 — ≥ 15.63% (Elevated) · 1.5% complete · 3 dogs
1998 — ≥ 0% (Indicative) · 0.6% complete · 1 dogs
1999 — ≥ 0% (Indicative) · 0.6% complete · 2 dogs
2000 — ≥ 15.63% (Elevated) · 1.8% complete · 5 dogs
2001 — ≥ 10.42% (Moderate) · 1.4% complete · 6 dogs
2002 — ≥ 10.94% (Moderate) · 1.6% complete · 6 dogs
2003 — ≥ 5.4% (Indicative) · 1.7% complete · 11 dogs
2004 — ≥ 14.85% (Elevated) · 2% complete · 6 dogs
2005 — ≥ 7.5% (Moderate) · 1.8% complete · 5 dogs
2006 — ≥ 2.61% (Indicative) · 1.5% complete · 6 dogs
2007 — ≥ 19.01% (Elevated) · 4.2% complete · 6 dogs
2008 — ≥ 1.96% (Indicative) · 2.3% complete · 2 dogs
2009 — ≥ 16.3% (Elevated) · 4.6% complete · 7 dogs
2010 — ≥ 6.25% (Moderate) · 2.6% complete · 7 dogs
2011 — ≥ 0% (Indicative) · 3.6% complete · 6 dogs
2012 — ≥ 0% (Indicative) · 4% complete · 3 dogs
2013 — ≥ 2.89% (Indicative) · 1.8% complete · 10 dogs
2014 — ≥ 0.26% (Indicative) · 3.8% complete · 6 dogs
2015 — ≥ 7.47% (Moderate) · 3.4% complete · 19 dogs
2016 — ≥ 0.12% (Indicative) · 3.5% complete · 13 dogs
2017 — ≥ 2.21% (Indicative) · 4.4% complete · 28 dogs
2018 — ≥ 6.72% (Moderate) · 3.4% complete · 29 dogs
2019 — ≥ 2.07% (Indicative) · 6.6% complete · 30 dogs
2020 — ≥ 0.42% (Indicative) · 3.8% complete · 17 dogs
2021 — ≥ 1.23% (Indicative) · 6% complete · 23 dogs
2022 — ≥ 0.41% (Indicative) · 7.2% complete · 11 dogs
2023 — ≥ 0.94% (Indicative) · 13.1% complete · 4 dogs
2024 — ≥ 0% (Indicative) · 2.6% complete · 2 dogs
2025 — ≥ 0.02% (Indicative) · 3.5% complete · 1 dogs

## Founders
188 founders in the reference sample's known ancestry; the five most influential carry 14.52% of the known genome.

Effective founders (fe): 84.57 — the number of equally contributing founders that would produce the same genetic diversity as the breed's 188 real, unevenly contributing founders.

Founder genome equivalents (fg): 21.04 — a lower, more realistic figure that also accounts for genetic material lost to drift over generations; fg is normally lower than fe, never more than the number of founders whose lines still survive.
- **Hakuyuu Mukawa Mikami:** [3.36% mean contribution](https://nihonken.org/pedigree/dogs/6512fc47-24b4-4586-9e69-f5c6095e92e0)
- **Sakaehime Tokachi Takashima:** [3.36% mean contribution](https://nihonken.org/pedigree/dogs/93128cb0-6886-45b8-ae56-c4070a3b7351)
- **Yukihime Hokkai Takadakensha:** [2.99% mean contribution](https://nihonken.org/pedigree/dogs/0e807cea-c12e-4a70-8e69-a9b749189153)
- **Hidehime Sapporo Touhachi:** [2.8% mean contribution](https://nihonken.org/pedigree/dogs/53d68278-00c9-4f60-813b-ad10f2196900)
- **Keika Wakkanai Takekatasou:** [2.02% mean contribution](https://nihonken.org/pedigree/dogs/49deac32-3dc2-4a7c-9dd3-368d45135acc)
- **Retarushikite Iwamizawa Yakata:** [1.81% mean contribution](https://nihonken.org/pedigree/dogs/c8d73316-0376-4c88-bf09-5d197baf6665)
- **Retarupirika Iwamizawa Yakata:** [1.81% mean contribution](https://nihonken.org/pedigree/dogs/e3ec800e-63f4-49ba-8917-6ef9a6fb8b05)
- **Hakuyuuzan Hokkaisou:** [1.8% mean contribution](https://nihonken.org/pedigree/dogs/7e054d1f-5943-4d7a-b735-1b66eef3942c)
- **Ryouhime Eimeisou:** [1.62% mean contribution](https://nihonken.org/pedigree/dogs/71b4c66c-d4b9-480f-a4ca-f9544e7fdc1f)
- **Shirayukihime Sapporo Uchiyama:** [1.6% mean contribution](https://nihonken.org/pedigree/dogs/73f2f629-85dd-4d3b-80b0-3237160f43a9)
- **Hidakamichi Hokkai Seikansou:** [1.6% mean contribution](https://nihonken.org/pedigree/dogs/e760335e-1589-42ee-99f8-8556c3b0d5e7)
- **Akuoo Sapporo Touhachi:** [1.45% mean contribution](https://nihonken.org/pedigree/dogs/df34d784-5a9b-4c94-8aac-b979ed6e3ef9)
- **Kenryuu Atsuuesou:** [1.41% mean contribution](https://nihonken.org/pedigree/dogs/6afd1bed-f237-48e3-9576-ee7056799698)
- **Ryouka Hokkai Umemoto:** [1.41% mean contribution](https://nihonken.org/pedigree/dogs/6b2ec33d-563f-422d-b5b4-04baa44fabfb)
- **Mai Hokushuusou:** [1.39% mean contribution](https://nihonken.org/pedigree/dogs/1a33f5e2-7dad-4be3-8bc8-75c1acc39c1f)
- **Tochiyuu Yasumotosou:** [1.39% mean contribution](https://nihonken.org/pedigree/dogs/a28a79c1-10a3-4a5b-ab03-afb8840e6ec9)
- **Ezohime Ezo Satou:** [1.29% mean contribution](https://nihonken.org/pedigree/dogs/5ff794e3-af63-420b-af60-5b01d48966db)
- **Hakuyuuzan Kitagunisou:** [1.19% mean contribution](https://nihonken.org/pedigree/dogs/0b76e5d4-5c33-4cc5-b558-83cdd9977df4)
- **Toyohime Sapporo Touhachi:** [1.18% mean contribution](https://nihonken.org/pedigree/dogs/9915127b-82fd-44b2-9151-95bacda6c0a1)
- **Ererushi Hokkai Tanaka:** [1.17% mean contribution](https://nihonken.org/pedigree/dogs/7189e405-42bb-4b23-8045-1e1b9c513b15)

## Effective population
- **Ne:** Not estimable — Mean inbreeding is not rising in the data (ΔF ≤ 0), so Ne is not estimable. Pedigree-based estimate from the rate of inbreeding, not a census Ne; a floor given incomplete pedigrees.

## How to cite
Nihon Ken Pedigree Database (2026). Hokkaido Ken breed report 2026. https://nihonken.org/pedigree/breeds/hokkaido/report/2026. Accessed 2026-10-13. Licensed CC BY 4.0.

## Caveats
Every COI figure is a floor: pedigrees are incomplete.

2% of the reference dogs' ancestry is unknown; fe and fg describe the known part.

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